内容 科学与假设 · 12
Science and Hypothesis · Modern Physics and Probability
The closing selection treats theory and probability as tools for managing uncertainty, not as escapes from rigor.
收束选篇把理论和概率看成处理不确定性的工具，而不是逃离严格性的办法。
Probability enters when knowledge is partial but reasoning must continue.
当知识不完整而推理仍要继续时，概率就进入了。
命题
Modern Physics and Probability should be read as a question about how science stabilizes its objects.
卷一 10 · 现代物理和概率 要读成一个问题：科学怎样让自己的对象稳定下来。
读法检查 worked example
题
How should a reader avoid turning probability into vagueness?
读者怎样避免把概率读成含混？
解
By naming the information, the convention and the error model separately.
分别说清信息、约定和误差模型。
互链 context
与哈代数学审美 hardy-apology/overview、非欧几何原作 non-euclidean-originals/lobachevsky-overview、分析严密化史 math-meta/topic-calculus-and-analysis-rigor 和拓扑学起源 math-meta/topic-topology-origins 对读。
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