If in a triangle two angles be equal to one another, the sides which subtend the equal angles will also be equal to one another.
若一个三角形有两个角相等,则对着这两个角的两边也相等。
三角形 ABC,角 ABC=角 ACB。在 AB 上截取 DB=AC,连接 DC(反证导出矛盾)。
正文图形由校订坐标生成;点、线、角、圆可与证明和问答联动。
Let ABC be a triangle having the angle ABC equal to the angle ACB; I say that the side AB is also equal to the side AC. For, if AB is unequal to AC, one of them is greater.
设三角形 ABC 中角 ABC 等于角 ACB。若 AB 不等于 AC,则其中一边较大。
Let AB be greater; and from AB the greater let DB be cut off equal to AC the less; let DC be joined.
从较大边上截取一段等于较小边(euclid-elements/book1-prop-003),连接辅助点。
Then, since DB is equal to AC, and BC is common, the two sides DB, BC are equal to the two sides AC, CB respectively; and the angle DBC is equal to the angle ACB; therefore the base DC is equal to the base AB, and the triangle DBC will be equal to the triangle ACB, the less to the greater: which is absurd. Therefore AB is not unequal to AC; it is therefore equal to it.
由 euclid-elements/book1-prop-005 和 euclid-elements/book1-prop-004 会推出一个部分等于整体的矛盾。
Therefore etc.
因此 AB 不可能不等于 AC,只能 AB 等于 AC。
不看完整证明,说明本命题中为什么不能只凭图形直观看出结论。请至少提到一个前提和一个要证关系:若一个三角形有两个角相等,则对着这两个角的两边也相等。
看一个提示
- 先写“已知什么”,再写“要证什么”。
- 把你用到的定义、公设或前文命题编号写出来。