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数学 / 几何原本 / Proposition I.17

第1卷命题 17 · 三角形任两角小于二直角

In any triangle two angles taken together in any manner are less than two right angles.

任一三角形中,任意两角合起来小于两个直角。

A B C D
fig-1

三角形 ABC,BC 延长到 D。外角 ACD 大于内对角 ABC,因此 ABC 与 ACB 合起来小于二直角。

线

正文图形由校订坐标生成;点、线、角、圆可与证明和问答联动。

分步证明Step-by-step proof
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  1. Let ABC be a triangle; I say that two angles of the triangle ABC taken together in any manner are less than two right angles. For let BC be produced to D.

    延长三角形的一边,形成外角。

  2. [Post. 2] Then, since the angle ACD is an exterior angle of the triangle ABC, it is greater than the interior and opposite angle ABC. [I. 16] Let the angle ACB be added to each; therefore the angles ACD, ACB are greater than the angles ABC, BCA.

    euclid-elements/book1-prop-016,外角大于任一个内对角。

  3. But the angles ACD, ACB are equal to two right angles. [I. 13] Therefore the angles ABC, BCA are less than two right angles.

    外角与相邻内角合为两个直角(euclid-elements/book1-prop-013)。

  4. Similarly we can prove that the angles BAC, ACB are also less than two right angles, and so are the angles CAB, ABC as well. Therefore etc.

    把“大于”的外角换成内对角,可知任意两内角之和小于两个直角。