elem.4.4
在给定三角形内作一内切圆。
三角形 ABC，作角 ABC、ACB 的平分线 BD、CD 交于内心 D；自 D 向 AB、BC、CA 作垂足 E、F、G；以 D 为心、DE 为半径的圆 FGE 即为内切圆。
正文图形由校订坐标生成；点、线、角、圆可与证明和问答联动。
Let ABC be the given triangle; thus it is required to inscribe a circle in the triangle ABC. Let the angles ABC, ACB be bisected by the straight lines BD, CD [I. 9], and let these meet one another at the point D; from D let DE, DF, DG be drawn perpendicular to the straight lines AB, BC, CA.
设三角形ABC，作角ABC和角ACB的平分线BD、CD，交于点D。
Now, since the angle ABD is equal to the angle CBD, and the right angle BED is also equal to the right angle BFD, EBD, FBD are two triangles having two angles equal to two angles and one side equal to one side, namely that subtending one of the equal angles, which is BD common to the triangles; therefore they will also have the remaining sides equal to the remaining sides; [I. 26] therefore DE is equal to DF. For the same reason DG is also equal to DF.
从D向边AB、BC、CA作垂线DE、DF、DG。
Therefore the three straight lines DE, DF, DG are equal to one another; therefore the circle described with centre D and distance one of the straight lines DE, DF, DG will pass also through the remaining points, and will touch the straight lines AB, BC, CA, because the angles at the points E, F, G are right. For, if it cuts them, the straight line drawn at right angles to the diameter of the circle from its extremity will be found to fall within the circle : which was proved absurd; [III. 16] therefore the circle described with centre D and distance one of the straight lines DE, DF, DG will not cut the straight lines AB, BC, CA; therefore it will touch them, and will be the circle inscribed in the triangle ABC.
由角平分线和直角相等，证得DE=DF=DG。
[IV. Def. 5] Let it be inscribed, as FGE.
以D为圆心、DE为半径作圆，因垂足处为直角，圆与三边相切，即为所求内切圆。